#FFFFFF#FFFFFF#777777#575757#FFFFFF#097CE7#E8E8E8#6E6E6E#000000#FFFFFF#A1A1A1#8A8A8A#F7F7F7#323232#D4D4D4#FFFFFF#6E6E6E#D0D0D0#A1A1A1#4D4D4DtruefalsetruefalsetruefalsetruetruetruetruetruetrueslideTimelinebySlidesfalsetruetruefalsefalsetruetruefalsetruefalsefalsetruetruetrueWelcome to Basic Fire Fighting course Module 2: Theory of Fire, Unit 3: Pyrolysis and Combustion
To proceed please click “Next” welcome to basic fire fighting course module 2: theory of fire, unit 3: pyrolysis and combustion
to proceed please click “next”<p><font size="12">Welcome to Basic Fire Fighting course <b>Module 2: Theory of Fire, Unit 3: Pyrolysis and Combustion</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">To proceed please click <b>“Next</b>” </font></p>Course: Basic Firefighting Module: B-2 – Theory of Fire Unit: B-2-3 – Pyrolysis and CombustionUnit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• Pyrolysis
• Combustion
• Combustion by products and related dangersunit outline
in this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• pyrolysis
• combustion
• combustion by products and related dangers<p><font size="12"><b>Unit outline</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this unit the following topics will be discussed:</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Pyrolysis</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Combustion</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Combustion by products and related dangers</b></font></p>Unit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
Pyrolysis
Combustion
Combustion by products and related dangersLearning objectives
Upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …
• Define pyrolysis and combustion
• Identify the different types of combustion
• Identify combustion products and by products and associate them with corresponding dangers learning objectives
upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …
• define pyrolysis and combustion
• identify the different types of combustion
• identify combustion products and by products and associate them with corresponding dangers<p><font size="12"><b>Learning objectives</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Define pyrolysis and combustion </b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Identify the different types of combustion</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Identify combustion products and by products and associate them with corresponding dangers </b></font></p>Learning objectives
Upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …
Define pyrolysis and combustion
Identify the different types of combustion
Identify combustion products and by products and associate them with corresponding dangersPyrolysis
Pyrolysis is defined as chemical decomposition resulting from heat dissipation.
This decomposition occurs through the transformation of burning material
• from solid, to liquid
• from liquid to gas state.
Proper mix with air and adequate heat, lead to burning.pyrolysis
pyrolysis is defined as chemical decomposition resulting from heat dissipation.
this decomposition occurs through the transformation of burning material
• from solid, to liquid
• from liquid to gas state.
proper mix with air and adequate heat, lead to burning.<p><font size="13"><b>Pyrolysis</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Pyrolysis is defined as chemical decomposition resulting from heat dissipation. </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">This decomposition occurs through the transformation of burning material</font></p><p><font size="13">• from solid, to liquid</font></p><p><font size="13">• from liquid to gas state.</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Proper mix with air and adequate heat, lead to burning.</font></p>Pyrolysis
It is defined as chemical decomposition resulting from heat dissipation
The decomposition occurs through the transformation
from solid, to liquid state and
from liquid to gas state
Proper mix with air and adequate heat, leads to burningWhat happens during fire
During fire, millions of the burning material’s molecules are released.
These molecules chemically bond with oxygen and a new mixture is produced.
The mixture ignites because of the heatwhat happens during fire
during fire, millions of the burning material’s molecules are released.
these molecules chemically bond with oxygen and a new mixture is produced.
the mixture ignites because of the heat<p><font size="13"><b>What happens during fire</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">During fire, millions of the burning material’s molecules are released.</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">These molecules chemically bond with oxygen and a new mixture is produced. </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">The mixture ignites because of the heat</font></p>What happens during fire
During fire, millions of the burning material’s molecules are released
The molecules chemically bond with oxygen and a new mixture is produced
The mixture ignites because of the heatCombustion
Combustion is the chemical reaction of a material (solid, liquid, gas) with oxygen.
When it occurs, heat and radiation (visible and invisible) are emittedcombustion
combustion is the chemical reaction of a material (solid, liquid, gas) with oxygen.
when it occurs, heat and radiation (visible and invisible) are emitted<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Combustion is the chemical reaction of a material (solid, liquid, gas) with oxygen.</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">When it occurs, heat and radiation (visible and invisible) are emitted</font></p>Combustion
Combustion is the chemical reaction of a material (solid, liquid, gas) with oxygen
When it occurs, heat and radiation (visible and invisible) are emittedCombustion types
Combustion can be one of three types
• Slow burning – smoldering - is a slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion, i.e coal
• Average speed – flaming combustion in which some heat, light and flame is released
• Rapid burning – in which large amounts of heat, light energy and flame is releasedcombustion types
combustion can be one of three types
• slow burning – smoldering - is a slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion, i.e coal
• average speed – flaming combustion in which some heat, light and flame is released
• rapid burning – in which large amounts of heat, light energy and flame is released<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion types</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Combustion can be one of three types</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Slow burning – smoldering - </b>is a slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion, i.e coal</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Average speed – </b>flaming combustion in which some heat, light and flame is released</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Rapid burning – </b>in which large amounts of heat, light energy and flame is released</font></p>Combustion types
Source: rayhornsay - flickr
Slow burning
Rapid burning
Average speedCombustion by products
In combustion and burning the following products or by products can be identified:
• Visible light – flame
• Heat
• Gas and smoke (i.e. CO2, CO)
• Particles (i.e. soot)
Also note that some of the combustion’s gas by-products, are also flammable (e.g. CO) combustion by products
in combustion and burning the following products or by products can be identified:
• visible light – flame
• heat
• gas and smoke (i.e. co2, co)
• particles (i.e. soot)
also note that some of the combustion’s gas by-products, are also flammable (e.g. co)<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion by products</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">In combustion and burning the following products or by products can be identified:</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Visible light – flame </b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Heat</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Gas and smoke </b>(i.e. CO2, CO)</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Particles </b>(i.e. soot) </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Also note that some of the combustion’s gas by-products, are also flammable (e.g. CO) </font></p>Combustion by products
Visible light – Flame
Heat
Particles
Gas and smokeCombustion – burning products – related dangers
In this section we will talk about Combustion and burning products and corresponding dangers
Those dangers are:
• Oxygen deprivation
• Flame – Heat
• Gaseous products
• Smoke
We will discuss all those factors in a linear way starting from Oxygen deprivation, all the way to Smoke. Nevertheless, if you prefer to select a specific danger, feel free to click on the corresponding area on your screencombustion – burning products – related dangers
in this section we will talk about combustion and burning products and corresponding dangers
those dangers are:
• oxygen deprivation
• flame – heat
• gaseous products
• smoke
we will discuss all those factors in a linear way starting from oxygen deprivation, all the way to smoke. nevertheless, if you prefer to select a specific danger, feel free to click on the corresponding area on your screen<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion – burning products – related dangers</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">In this section we will talk about Combustion and burning products and corresponding dangers</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Those dangers are:</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Oxygen deprivation</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Flame – Heat</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Gaseous products </b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Smoke </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">We will discuss all those factors in a linear way starting from Oxygen deprivation, all the way to Smoke. Nevertheless, if you prefer to select a specific danger, feel free to click on the corresponding area on your screen</font></p>Combustion – burning products – related dangers
Oxygen deprivation
Flame and heat
Gaseous products
SmokeCombustion – burning products – related dangers
Oxygen deprivation
Fire in a compartment reduces oxygen levels. This greatly affects human performance as
• Oxygen levels of 16% - 21% cause reduced muscular response
• Oxygen levels of 10% - 14% cause reduced brain activity, cognitive capacity and fatigue
• Oxygen levels of less than 10% cause loss of consciousness combustion – burning products – related dangers
oxygen deprivation
fire in a compartment reduces oxygen levels. this greatly affects human performance as
• oxygen levels of 16% - 21% cause reduced muscular response
• oxygen levels of 10% - 14% cause reduced brain activity, cognitive capacity and fatigue
• oxygen levels of less than 10% cause loss of consciousness<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion – burning products – related dangers</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Oxygen deprivation</b></font></p><p><font size="13">Fire in a compartment reduces oxygen levels. This greatly affects human performance as</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Oxygen levels of 16% - 21% cause reduced muscular response</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Oxygen levels of 10% - 14% cause reduced brain activity, cognitive capacity and fatigue</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Oxygen levels of less than 10% cause loss of consciousness </b></font></p>Combustion – burning products – related dangers
Fire in a compartment reduces oxygen levels
Oxygen levels of 16% - 21% cause reduced muscular response
Oxygen levels of 10% - 14% cause reduced brain activity, cognitive capacity and fatigue
Oxygen levels of less than 10% cause loss of consciousness
Oxygen deprivation
Flame and heat
Gaseous products
SmokeCombustion – burning products – related dangers
Flame – heat
Flame and heat can cause serious issues such as:
• Burns and failure of respiratory tract
• Increased body temperature and heart rate
• Dehydration
• Heat stress
This is the reason why, it is imperative for all fire fighting personnel to be equipped with specialized protective equipmentcombustion – burning products – related dangers
flame – heat
flame and heat can cause serious issues such as:
• burns and failure of respiratory tract
• increased body temperature and heart rate
• dehydration
• heat stress
this is the reason why, it is imperative for all fire fighting personnel to be equipped with specialized protective equipment<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion – burning products – related dangers</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Flame – heat </b></font></p><p><font size="13">Flame and heat can cause serious issues such as:</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Burns and failure of respiratory tract</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Increased body temperature and heart rate</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Dehydration</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Heat stress</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">This is the reason why, it is imperative for all fire fighting personnel to be equipped with specialized protective equipment</font></p>Combustion – burning products – related dangers
Flame and heat can cause serious issues such as:
Burns and failure of respiratory tract
Increased body temperature and heart rate
Dehydration
Heat stress
Oxygen deprivation
Flame and heat
Gaseous products
SmokeCombustion – burning products – related dangers
Gaseous products
Gases are released during fire and can be toxic or lethal:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) are the most common fire by products.
• Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) are mostly produced when cable insulation or PVC plastics are burning.
• R-12, R-114 and R-134a refrigerating fluids are not flammable but when exposed to heat can release poisonous gases.combustion – burning products – related dangers
gaseous products
gases are released during fire and can be toxic or lethal:
• carbon dioxide (co2) and carbon monoxide (co) are the most common fire by products.
• hydrogen chloride (hcl) and hydrogen cyanide (hcn) are mostly produced when cable insulation or pvc plastics are burning.
• r-12, r-114 and r-134a refrigerating fluids are not flammable but when exposed to heat can release poisonous gases.<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion – burning products – related dangers</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Gaseous products</b></font></p><p><font size="13">Gases are released during fire and can be toxic or lethal:</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) </b>are the most common fire by products.</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN</b>) are mostly produced when cable insulation or PVC plastics are burning.</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>R-12, R-114 and R-134a refrigerating fluids </b>are not flammable but when exposed to heat can release poisonous gases.</font></p>Combustion – burning products – related dangers
Gases are released during fire and can be toxic or lethal
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) are the most common fire by products
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) are mostly produced when cable insulation or PVC plastics are burning
R-12, R-114 and R-134a refrigerating fluids are not flammable but when exposed to heat can release poisonous gases
Oxygen deprivation
Flame and heat
Gaseous products
SmokeCombustion – burning products – related dangers
Smoke
Smoke is another dangerous combustion by product
• It contains carbon, unburned particles and poisonous substances
• It irritates eyes, lungs and the respiratory tract
• It reduces visibility combustion – burning products – related dangers
smoke
smoke is another dangerous combustion by product
• it contains carbon, unburned particles and poisonous substances
• it irritates eyes, lungs and the respiratory tract
• it reduces visibility<p><font size="13"><b>Combustion – burning products – related dangers</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Smoke</b></font></p><p><font size="13">Smoke is another dangerous combustion by product</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>It contains carbon, unburned particles and poisonous substances</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>It irritates eyes, lungs and the respiratory tract</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>It reduces visibility </b></font></p>Combustion – burning products – related dangers
Smoke is another dangerous combustion by product
It contains carbon, unburned particles and poisonous substances
It irritates eyes, lungs and the respiratory tract
It reduces visibility
Oxygen deprivation
Flame and heat
Gaseous products
SmokeUnit summary
In this unit we have discussed …
• The definition of pyrolysis and combustion
• The different combustion types
• Slow, average and rapid burning
• The combustion by products
• Visible light, heat, gas, smoke and particles
• The dangers associated with those by products
• Oxygen deprivation, heat, gas, and smoke unit summary
in this unit we have discussed …
• the definition of pyrolysis and combustion
• the different combustion types
• slow, average and rapid burning
• the combustion by products
• visible light, heat, gas, smoke and particles
• the dangers associated with those by products
• oxygen deprivation, heat, gas, and smoke<p><font size="12"><b>Unit summary</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this unit we have discussed …</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>The definition of pyrolysis and combustion</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>The different combustion types</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Slow, average and rapid burning</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>The combustion by products</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Visible light, heat, gas, smoke and particles</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>The dangers associated with those by products</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Oxygen deprivation, heat, gas, and smoke </font></p>Unit summary
In this unit we have discussed …
The definition of pyrolysis and combustion
The different combustion types
Slow, average and rapid burning
The combustion by products
Visible light, heat, gas, smoke and particles
The dangers associated with those by products
Oxygen deprivation, heat, gas, and smokeEnd of Unit
Thank you for completing Unit B-2-3 Pyrolysis and Combustion.
You may now proceed to the next unit.end of unit
thank you for completing unit b-2-3 pyrolysis and combustion.
you may now proceed to the next unit.<p><font size="12"><b>End of Unit</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Thank you for completing <b>Unit B-2-3 Pyrolysis and Combustion.</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">You may now proceed to the next unit.</font></p>End of Unit!
Congratulations! You have completed Unit B-2-3 Pyrolysis and Combustion!