#FFFFFF#FFFFFF#777777#575757#FFFFFF#097CE7#E8E8E8#6E6E6E#000000#FFFFFF#A1A1A1#8A8A8A#F7F7F7#323232#D4D4D4#FFFFFF#6E6E6E#D0D0D0#A1A1A1#4D4D4DtruefalsetruefalsetruefalsetruetruetruetruetruetrueslideTimelinebySlidesfalsetruetruefalsefalsetruetruefalsetruefalsefalsetruetruetrueWelcome to Advanced Fire Fighting course Module 5: Flashover, Backdraft, Fire Evolution in an Confined Space, Unit 3: Lifecycle of firewelcome to advanced fire fighting course module 5: flashover, backdraft, fire evolution in an confined space, unit 3: lifecycle of fire<p><font size="12">Welcome to Advanced Fire Fighting course <b>Module 5: Flashover, Backdraft, Fire Evolution in an Confined Space, Unit 3: Lifecycle of fire</b></font></p>Course: Advanced Firefighting Module: A-5 – Flashover, Backdraft, Fire Evolution in an Confined Space Unit: A-5-3 – Lifecycle of FireUnit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• Life cycle of fire
• Development phase
• Roll over
• Flash over
• Backdraft
• Fully developed fire
• Decay phaseunit outline
in this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• life cycle of fire
• development phase
• roll over
• flash over
• backdraft
• fully developed fire
• decay phase<p><font size="12"><b>Unit outline</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this unit the following topics will be discussed:</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Life cycle of fire </b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Development phase</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Roll over</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Flash over</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Backdraft</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Fully developed fire</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Decay phase</font></p>Unit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
Life cycle of fire
Development phase
Roll over
Flash over
Backdraft
Fully developed fire
Decay phaseLearning objectives
Upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …
• Identify the various stages in the life cycle of fire
• Realize dangers and implement corresponding best confrontation practices in every stage of the life cycle of a fire in an enclosed compartmentlearning objectives
upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …
• identify the various stages in the life cycle of fire
• realize dangers and implement corresponding best confrontation practices in every stage of the life cycle of a fire in an enclosed compartment<p><font size="12"><b>Learning objectives</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Identify the various stages in the life cycle of fire</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Realize dangers and implement corresponding best confrontation practices in every stage of the life cycle of a fire in an enclosed compartment</b></font></p>Learning objectives
Upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …
Identify the various stages in the life cycle of fire
Realize dangers and implement corresponding best confrontation practices in every stage of the life cycle of a fire in an enclosed compartmentLife cycle of fire
1. Development
2. Rollover - Ignition of hot gases
3. Flashover – Total ignition
4. Fire fully developed
5. Decay – Extinguishing phaselife cycle of fire
1. development
2. rollover - ignition of hot gases
3. flashover – total ignition
4. fire fully developed
5. decay – extinguishing phase<p><font size="13"><b>Life cycle of fire</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">1. <b>Development</b></font></p><p><font size="13">2. <b>Rollover - Ignition of hot gases</b></font></p><p><font size="13">3. <b>Flashover – Total ignition</b></font></p><p><font size="13">4. <b>Fire fully developed</b></font></p><p><font size="13">5. <b>Decay – Extinguishing phase</b></font></p>Life cycle of fire
Development
Rollover – Ignition of hot gases
Flashover – Total ignition
Fire fully developed
Decay – Extinguishing phase
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5Development phase
The primary stage that starts with the combustion of a material
The combustion at first is limited only to this material
The temperature of the flame can reach 1000OF
Smoke and burning products accumulating in the higher layers
Initial heat generation
• It will increase as the fire developsdevelopment phase
the primary stage that starts with the combustion of a material
the combustion at first is limited only to this material
the temperature of the flame can reach 1000of
smoke and burning products accumulating in the higher layers
initial heat generation
• it will increase as the fire develops<p><font size="13"><b>Development phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">The primary stage that starts with the combustion of a material</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">The combustion at first is limited only to this material</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">The temperature of the flame can reach 1000OF</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Smoke and burning products accumulating in the higher layers</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Initial heat generation </font></p><p><font size="13">• It will increase as the fire develops</font></p>Development phase
The primary stage that starts with the combustion of a material
The combustion at first is limited only to this material
The temperature of the flame can reach 1000OF
Smoke and burning products accumulating in the higher layers
Initial heat generation
It will increase as the fire developsDevelopment phase
Fire preservation depends on sufficient air and fuel
Heat transfer from the combustion gases to the upper layers of the space
Heat and hot combustion products are spread from the upper layer downwardsdevelopment phase
fire preservation depends on sufficient air and fuel
heat transfer from the combustion gases to the upper layers of the space
heat and hot combustion products are spread from the upper layer downwards<p><font size="13"><b>Development phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Fire preservation depends on sufficient air and fuel </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Heat transfer from the combustion gases to the upper layers of the space</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Heat and hot combustion products are spread from the upper layer downwards</font></p>Development phase
Fire preservation depends on sufficient air and fuel
Heat transfer from the combustion gases to the upper layers of the space
Heat and hot combustion products are spread from the upper layer downwardsDevelopment phase
Temperature in the upper layer may have reached locally 13000F
Non-burning materials in the room have been heated and produce flammable gases.development phase
temperature in the upper layer may have reached locally 13000f
non-burning materials in the room have been heated and produce flammable gases.<p><font size="13" color="#000000"><b>Development phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12" color="#203864">Temperature in the upper layer may have reached locally 13000F</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12" color="#203864">Non-burning materials in the room have been heated and produce flammable gases.</font></p>Development phase
Temperature in the upper layer may have reached locally 13000F
Non-burning materials in the room have been heated and produce flammable gasesRoll over phase
In the upper layer hot gases cause self ignition
• In the form of fire tongues
The temperature in the apartment rises sharply
Non-flammable materials produce vapors which igniteroll over phase
in the upper layer hot gases cause self ignition
• in the form of fire tongues
the temperature in the apartment rises sharply
non-flammable materials produce vapors which ignite<p><font size="13" color="#000000"><b>Roll over phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12" color="#203864">In the upper layer hot gases cause self ignition</font></p><p><font size="12" color="#203864">• In the form of fire tongues</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12" color="#203864">The temperature in the apartment rises sharply</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12" color="#203864">Non-flammable materials produce vapors which ignite</font></p>Roll over phase
In the upper layer hot gases cause self ignition
In the form of fire tongues
The temperature in the apartment rises sharply
Non-flammable materials produce vapors which igniteRoll over phase
On your screen you can see the flow of air and the temperatures in the corresponding layers of the burning compartment in the roll over stage.roll over phase
on your screen you can see the flow of air and the temperatures in the corresponding layers of the burning compartment in the roll over stage.<p><font size="13" color="#000000"><b>Roll over phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12" color="#203864">On your screen you can see the flow of air and the temperatures in the corresponding layers of the burning compartment in the roll over stage.</font></p>Roll over phase
180OF
600OF
900OF
1200OFFlash over
Thermal radiation causes flammable pyrolysis products from all exposed surfaces of all combustible material
Flashover happens when the temperature in the ceiling layer reaches at least 6000C
Survival inside the apartment is very unlikelyflash over
thermal radiation causes flammable pyrolysis products from all exposed surfaces of all combustible material
flashover happens when the temperature in the ceiling layer reaches at least 6000c
survival inside the apartment is very unlikely<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Thermal radiation causes flammable pyrolysis products from all exposed surfaces of all combustible material</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Flashover happens when the temperature in the ceiling layer reaches at least 6000C</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Survival inside the apartment is very unlikely</font></p>Flash over
Thermal radiation causes flammable pyrolysis products from all exposed surfaces of all combustible material
Flashover happens when the temperature in the ceiling layer reaches at least 6000C
During flashover
Sudden increase of temperature
Visible flames on the smoke layer
Survival inside the compartment is very unlikelyFlash over – how to protect
• Correct protection
• Pressurized hose
• Spray hits
• Stay low
• Ensure escape route
• Check for marks outside
• Ventilate properly
• Be prepared for backdraft
Correct protection: Entry in a burning compartment without proper protective equipment is to be avoided at all times. Detailed Guidance and best practices on protective equipment will be provided in other modules, but also during HOT training in the fire fighting simulator flash over – how to protect
• correct protection
• pressurized hose
• spray hits
• stay low
• ensure escape route
• check for marks outside
• ventilate properly
• be prepared for backdraft
correct protection: entry in a burning compartment without proper protective equipment is to be avoided at all times. detailed guidance and best practices on protective equipment will be provided in other modules, but also during hot training in the fire fighting simulator<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over – </font><font size="14">how to protect</font><font size="13"></b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Correct protection</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Pressurized hose</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Spray hits</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Stay low</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ensure escape route</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Check for marks outside</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ventilate properly</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Correct protection: </b>Entry in a burning compartment without proper protective equipment is to be avoided at all times. Detailed Guidance and best practices on protective equipment will be provided in other modules, but also during HOT training in the fire fighting simulator </font></p>Flash over – how to protect – correct protection
1
Correct protectionFlash over – how to protect
• Correct protection
• Pressurized hose
• Spray hits
• Stay low
• Ensure escape route
• Check for marks outside
• Ventilate properly
• Be prepared for backdraft
Pressurized hose: Another important take away it to avoid entering a burning compartment without the support of at least one pressurized hose. Remember that water hoses do not act as extinguishing agents alone, but also as protection for the entry team. flash over – how to protect
• correct protection
• pressurized hose
• spray hits
• stay low
• ensure escape route
• check for marks outside
• ventilate properly
• be prepared for backdraft
pressurized hose: another important take away it to avoid entering a burning compartment without the support of at least one pressurized hose. remember that water hoses do not act as extinguishing agents alone, but also as protection for the entry team.<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over – </font><font size="14">how to protect</font><font size="13"></b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Correct protection</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Pressurized hose</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Spray hits</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Stay low</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ensure escape route</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Check for marks outside</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ventilate properly</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Pressurized hose: </b>Another important take away it to avoid entering a burning compartment without the support of at least one pressurized hose. Remember that water hoses do not act as extinguishing agents alone, but also as protection for the entry team. <b></b></font></p>Flash over – how to protect – pressurized hose
1
2
Correct protection
Pressurized hoseFlash over – how to protect
• Correct protection
• Pressurized hose
• Spray hits
• Stay low
• Ensure escape route
• Check for marks outside
• Ventilate properly
• Be prepared for backdraft
Spray hits: To reduce the temperature in a burning compartment, it is important to cool down superheated combustion gases. This can be done by utilizing swift bursts of spray hits, as demonstrated in the brief videoflash over – how to protect
• correct protection
• pressurized hose
• spray hits
• stay low
• ensure escape route
• check for marks outside
• ventilate properly
• be prepared for backdraft
spray hits: to reduce the temperature in a burning compartment, it is important to cool down superheated combustion gases. this can be done by utilizing swift bursts of spray hits, as demonstrated in the brief video<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over – </font><font size="14">how to protect</font><font size="13"></b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Correct protection</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Pressurized hose</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Spray hits</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Stay low</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ensure escape route</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Check for marks outside</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ventilate properly</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Spray hits: </b>To reduce the temperature in a burning compartment, it is important to cool down superheated combustion gases. This can be done by utilizing swift bursts of spray hits, as demonstrated in the brief video</font></p>Flash over – how to protect – Spray hits
1
2
3
4
Correct protection
Pressurized hose
Spray hitsFlash over – how to protect
• Correct protection
• Pressurized hose
• Spray hits
• Stay low
• Ensure escape route
• Check for marks outside
• Ventilate properly
• Be prepared for backdraft
Stay low: To protect against superheated gases and extreme temperatures that accumulate in the higher layers of the burning compartment, it is important for the fire fighting team to stay low.flash over – how to protect
• correct protection
• pressurized hose
• spray hits
• stay low
• ensure escape route
• check for marks outside
• ventilate properly
• be prepared for backdraft
stay low: to protect against superheated gases and extreme temperatures that accumulate in the higher layers of the burning compartment, it is important for the fire fighting team to stay low.<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over – </font><font size="14">how to protect</font><font size="13"></b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Correct protection</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Pressurized hose</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Spray hits</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Stay low</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ensure escape route</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Check for marks outside</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ventilate properly</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Stay low: </b>To protect against superheated gases and extreme temperatures that accumulate in the higher layers of the burning compartment, it is important for the fire fighting team to stay low.<b></b></font></p>Flash over – how to protect – Stay low
1
2
3
4
Correct protection
Pressurized hose
Spray hits
Stay lowFlash over – how to protect
• Correct protection
• Pressurized hose
• Spray hits
• Stay low
• Ensure escape route
• Check for marks outside
• Ventilate properly
• Be prepared for backdraft
Ensure escape route: During fire fighting operations, the situation may deteriorate and evolve into flashover. The firefighting team should always ensure that there is an escape route available, free of obstacles or used fire fighting paraphernalia. This could make the difference and ensure the survival of the team.flash over – how to protect
• correct protection
• pressurized hose
• spray hits
• stay low
• ensure escape route
• check for marks outside
• ventilate properly
• be prepared for backdraft
ensure escape route: during fire fighting operations, the situation may deteriorate and evolve into flashover. the firefighting team should always ensure that there is an escape route available, free of obstacles or used fire fighting paraphernalia. this could make the difference and ensure the survival of the team.<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over – </font><font size="14">how to protect</font><font size="13"></b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Correct protection</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Pressurized hose</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Spray hits</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Stay low</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ensure escape route</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Check for marks outside</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ventilate properly</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Ensure escape route: </b>During fire fighting operations, the situation may deteriorate and evolve into flashover. The firefighting team should always ensure that there is an escape route available, free of obstacles or used fire fighting paraphernalia. This could make the difference and ensure the survival of the team.<b></b></font></p>Flash over – how to protect – escape route
1
2
3
4
5
Correct protection
Pressurized hose
Spray hits
Stay low
Ensure escape routeFlash over – how to protect
• Correct protection
• Pressurized hose
• Spray hits
• Stay low
• Ensure escape route
• Check for marks outside
• Ventilate properly
• Be prepared for backdraft
Check for indications that a flashover is imminent. Those indications could be:
• The fire is in a ventilated compartment, so there is an abundance of oxygen in the room
• The neutral plane is moving down towards the floor
• All directly exposed combustible materials are showing signs of pyrolysis
• Tongues of fire appear
• There is a rapid buildup of heat mainly coming from the rapidly burning gases. This is generally the best indication of a flashoverflash over – how to protect
• correct protection
• pressurized hose
• spray hits
• stay low
• ensure escape route
• check for marks outside
• ventilate properly
• be prepared for backdraft
check for indications that a flashover is imminent. those indications could be:
• the fire is in a ventilated compartment, so there is an abundance of oxygen in the room
• the neutral plane is moving down towards the floor
• all directly exposed combustible materials are showing signs of pyrolysis
• tongues of fire appear
• there is a rapid buildup of heat mainly coming from the rapidly burning gases. this is generally the best indication of a flashover<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over – </font><font size="14">how to protect</font><font size="13"></b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Correct protection</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Pressurized hose</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Spray hits</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Stay low</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ensure escape route</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Check for marks outside</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ventilate properly</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Check for indications </b>that a flashover is imminent. Those indications could be:</font></p><p><font size="13">• The fire is in a ventilated compartment, so there is an abundance of oxygen in the room</font></p><p><font size="13">• The neutral plane is moving down towards the floor </font></p><p><font size="13">• All directly exposed combustible materials are showing signs of pyrolysis</font></p><p><font size="13">• Tongues of fire appear </font></p><p><font size="13">• There is a rapid buildup of heat mainly coming from the rapidly burning gases. This is generally the best indication of a flashover</font></p>Flash over – how to protect – check for flashover
1
2
3
4
5
6
Correct protection
Pressurized hose
Spray hits
Stay low
Ensure escape route
Check for flashover indicationsFlash over – how to protect
• Correct protection
• Pressurized hose
• Spray hits
• Stay low
• Ensure escape route
• Check for marks outside
• Ventilate properly
• Be prepared for backdraft
Ventilate properly before entering the burning compartment, more information will be given in following modules and HOT training and
Be prepared for backdraftflash over – how to protect
• correct protection
• pressurized hose
• spray hits
• stay low
• ensure escape route
• check for marks outside
• ventilate properly
• be prepared for backdraft
ventilate properly before entering the burning compartment, more information will be given in following modules and hot training and
be prepared for backdraft<p><font size="13"><b>Flash over – </font><font size="14">how to protect</font><font size="13"></b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Correct protection</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Pressurized hose</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Spray hits</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Stay low</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ensure escape route</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Check for marks outside</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Ventilate properly</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Ventilate properly </b>before entering the burning compartment, more information will be given in following modules and HOT training and </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13"><b>Be prepared for backdraft</b></font></p>Flash over – how to protect – ventilate properly
1
2
3
4
5
6
Correct protection
Pressurized hose
Spray hits
Stay low
Ensure escape route
Check for flashover indications
Ventilate properly
8
Be prepared for backdraft
Ventilate properly
7Backdraft
Backdraft is the violent explosion of the gases that are inside a compartment, resulting from rapid re-introduction of oxygen to combustion in an oxygen-depleted environment
• opening of a door to an enclosed space
It can happen when:
• Fire has been burning in the compartment for a long time
• Insufficient ventilation
• Portholes are blackened and flame is not visible
Backdrafts present a serious threat to firefightersbackdraft
backdraft is the violent explosion of the gases that are inside a compartment, resulting from rapid re-introduction of oxygen to combustion in an oxygen-depleted environment
• opening of a door to an enclosed space
it can happen when:
• fire has been burning in the compartment for a long time
• insufficient ventilation
• portholes are blackened and flame is not visible
backdrafts present a serious threat to firefighters<p><font size="13"><b>Backdraft</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Backdraft is the violent explosion of the gases that are inside a compartment, resulting from rapid re-introduction of oxygen to combustion in an oxygen-depleted environment</font></p><p><font size="13">• opening of a door to an enclosed space</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">It can happen when:</font></p><p><font size="13">• Fire has been burning in the compartment for a long time</font></p><p><font size="13">• Insufficient ventilation</font></p><p><font size="13">• Portholes are blackened and flame is not visible </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Backdrafts present a serious threat to firefighters</font></p>Backdraft
Violent explosion of gases inside a compartment, because of rapid re-introduction of oxygen
opening of a door to an enclosed space
It can happen when:
Fire has been burning in the compartment for a long time
Insufficient ventilation
Portholes are blackened and flame is not visible
Backdrafts present a serious threat to firefightersSource: YouTube channel - Service d'Incendie et de Secours - Ville de Genève
URL: https://youtu.be/5UHoMWncvAg
Under CC BY licencesource: youtube channel - service d'incendie et de secours - ville de genève
url: https://youtu.be/5uhomwncvag
under cc by licence<p><font size="13">Source: YouTube channel - </font><font size="14">Service d'Incendie et de Secours - Ville de Genève </font></p><p><font size="14">URL: https://youtu.be/5UHoMWncvAg</font></p><p></p><p><font size="14">Under CC BY licence</font></p>Fully developed phase
Flashover determines the beginning of the fully developed phase
All combustible materials have reached their ignition temperatures and are burning
Flames can emerge from any possible opening fully developed phase
flashover determines the beginning of the fully developed phase
all combustible materials have reached their ignition temperatures and are burning
flames can emerge from any possible opening<p><font size="14"><b>Fully developed phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Flashover determines the beginning of the fully developed phase</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">All combustible materials have reached their ignition temperatures and are burning</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Flames can emerge from any possible opening </font></p>Fully developed phase
Flashover determines the beginning of the fully developed phase
All combustible materials have reached their ignition temperatures and are burning
Flames can emerge from any possible openingFully developed phase
Structural damage to the steel sheets may happen
Fire fighters can not enter
• fire has to be handled indirectly
• peripheral cooling, hot gas cool down
In fires of flammable liquids or explosives, the fully developed stage can be reached quickly fully developed phase
structural damage to the steel sheets may happen
fire fighters can not enter
• fire has to be handled indirectly
• peripheral cooling, hot gas cool down
in fires of flammable liquids or explosives, the fully developed stage can be reached quickly<p><font size="14"><b>Fully developed phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Structural damage to the steel sheets may happen</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Fire fighters can not enter</font></p><p><font size="13">• fire has to be handled indirectly</font></p><p><font size="13">• peripheral cooling, hot gas cool down</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">In fires of flammable liquids or explosives, the fully developed stage can be reached quickly </font></p>Fully developed phase
Structural damage to ship’s hull or steel sheets may happen
Fire fighters can not enter
fire has to be handled indirectly
peripheral cooling, hot gas cool down
In fires of flammable liquids or explosives, the fully developed stage can be reached quicklyDecay phase
Fire consumes the total available combustible
Combustion getting weaker and finally stopsdecay phase
fire consumes the total available combustible
combustion getting weaker and finally stops<p><font size="14"><b>Decay phase</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Fire consumes the total available combustible </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Combustion getting weaker and finally stops</font></p>Decay phase
Fire consumes the total available combustible
Combustion getting weaker and finally stopsUnit Summary
In this unit we have discussed about …
• The life cycle of fire
• Development phase
• Roll over
• Flash over
• Backdraft
• Fully developed fire
• Decay phaseunit summary
in this unit we have discussed about …
• the life cycle of fire
• development phase
• roll over
• flash over
• backdraft
• fully developed fire
• decay phase<p><font size="12"><b>Unit Summary</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this unit we have discussed about …</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">• <b>The life cycle of fire</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Development phase</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Roll over</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Flash over</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Backdraft</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Fully developed fire</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Decay phase</font></p>Unit summary
In this unit we have discussed about …
The life cycle of fire
Development phase
Roll over
Flash over
Backdraft
Fully developed fire
Decay phase
End of unit
Thank you for completing the Lifecycle of fire unit.
You may now proceed to the next unit.end of unit
thank you for completing the lifecycle of fire unit.
you may now proceed to the next unit.<p><font size="12"><b>End of unit</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Thank you for completing the <b> Lifecycle of fire unit.</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">You may now proceed to the next unit.</font></p>End of unit!
Congratulations! You have completed Unit A-5-3 Lifecycle of fire!