#FFFFFF#FFFFFF#777777#575757#FFFFFF#097CE7#E8E8E8#6E6E6E#000000#FFFFFF#A1A1A1#8A8A8A#F7F7F7#323232#D4D4D4#FFFFFF#6E6E6E#D0D0D0#A1A1A1#4D4D4DtruefalsetruefalsetruefalsetruetruetruetruetruetrueslideTimelinebySlidesfalsetruetruefalsefalsetruetruefalsetruefalsefalsetruetruetrueWelcome to Basic Fire Fighting course Module 2: Theory of Fire, Unit 2: Fire physiology
To proceed please click “Next” welcome to basic fire fighting course module 2: theory of fire, unit 2: fire physiology
to proceed please click “next”<p><font size="12">Welcome to Basic Fire Fighting course <b>Module 2: Theory of Fire, Unit 2: Fire physiology</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">To proceed please click “Next” </font></p>Course: Basic Firefighting Module: B-2 – Theory of Fire Unit: B-2-2 – Fire physiologyUnit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• Fire physiology
• Fire triangle
• Fire tetrahedronunit outline
in this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• fire physiology
• fire triangle
• fire tetrahedron<p><font size="12"><b>Unit outline</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this unit the following topics will be discussed:</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fire physiology</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fire triangle</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fire tetrahedron</b></font></p>Unit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
Fire physiology
Fire triangle
Fire tetrahedronLearning objectives
Upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …
• Understand the physiology of fire
• Identify the components of fire triangle and tetrahedronlearning objectives
upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …
• understand the physiology of fire
• identify the components of fire triangle and tetrahedron<p><font size="12"><b>Learning objectives</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Understand the physiology of fire </b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Identify the components of fire triangle and tetrahedron</b></font></p>Learning objectives
Upon completing this module the trainees should be able to …
Understand the physiology of fire
Identify the components of fire triangle and tetrahedronFire physiology
Fire is a form of oxidation
Oxidation is the chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen that dissipates heat
There are two kinds of oxidation:
• slow (e.g. iron rust, or wood erosion)
• rapid (e.g. fire)
The result of the rapid oxidation consists of
• Heat
• Flame
• Radiation (visible and invisible). fire physiology
fire is a form of oxidation
oxidation is the chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen that dissipates heat
there are two kinds of oxidation:
• slow (e.g. iron rust, or wood erosion)
• rapid (e.g. fire)
the result of the rapid oxidation consists of
• heat
• flame
• radiation (visible and invisible).<p><font size="12"><b>Fire physiology </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Fire is a form of oxidation</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Oxidation is the chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen that dissipates heat</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">There are two kinds of oxidation:</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>slow</b> (e.g. iron rust, or wood erosion)</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>rapid</b> (e.g. fire)</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">The result of the rapid oxidation consists of</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Heat</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Flame</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Radiation </b>(visible and invisible). </font></p>Fire physiology
Fire
A form of oxidation
Oxidation
the chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen that dissipates heat
Oxidation can be …
Slow
Iron rust or wood erosion
Rapid
Fire
Outcome of fast oxidation
Heat
Flame
Radiation (visible and invisible)States of substances
Every substance is in one of the following natural states:
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
Each substance can transform to another state according to the illustration. For example, if a solid turns directly into gas, this is called Sublimation, or if a gas turn into Liquid this is called Liquification states of substances
every substance is in one of the following natural states:
• solid
• liquid
• gas
each substance can transform to another state according to the illustration. for example, if a solid turns directly into gas, this is called sublimation, or if a gas turn into liquid this is called liquification<p><font size="12"><b>States of substances </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Every substance is in one of the following natural states:</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Solid</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Liquid</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Gas</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Each substance can transform to another state according to the illustration. For example, if a solid turns directly into gas, this is called Sublimation, or if a gas turn into Liquid this is called Liquification </font></p>States of substances
Sublimation
Liquid
Gas
Solid
Melting
Evaporation
Deposition
Freezing
LiquificationImportant takeaway
The important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be GAS
Because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn itimportant takeaway
the important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be gas
because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it<p><font size="12"><b>Important takeaway</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">The important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be <b>GAS</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it</font></p>For something to burn it must be in a GAS state
If it is not, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it
Important takeaway Fire: a self preserved reaction
The important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be GAS
Because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it
Furthermore, as the burning gases dissipate, heat produces more gases to burn, thus making fire, a self preserved reaction.fire: a self preserved reaction
the important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be gas
because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it
furthermore, as the burning gases dissipate, heat produces more gases to burn, thus making fire, a self preserved reaction.<p><font size="12"><b>Fire: a self preserved reaction</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">The important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be <b>GAS</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Furthermore, as the burning gases dissipate, heat produces more gases to burn, thus making fire, a self preserved reaction.</font></p>Fire: a self preserved reaction
The burning gases dissipate
The dissipating heat produces more gases to burn
Thus making fire, a self preserved reactionFire: a self preserved reaction example
The important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be GAS
Because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it
Furthermore, as the burning gases dissipate, heat produces more gases to burn, thus making fire, a self preserved reaction.
An example of such a self preserved reaction is a lit candle. The candle melts from heat, thus making the molten wax, soak the candle wick. Due to the heat, the wax turns into flammable GAS which burns, forming a self preserved fire. The fire will keep on burning until the wick will eventually run out.
fire: a self preserved reaction example
the important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be gas
because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it
furthermore, as the burning gases dissipate, heat produces more gases to burn, thus making fire, a self preserved reaction.
an example of such a self preserved reaction is a lit candle. the candle melts from heat, thus making the molten wax, soak the candle wick. due to the heat, the wax turns into flammable gas which burns, forming a self preserved fire. the fire will keep on burning until the wick will eventually run out.
<p><font size="13"><b>Fire: a self preserved reaction example</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">The important takeaway is that for a material to burn, its natural state must be <b>GAS</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Because if it is not in a gas state, oxygen is unable to adequately penetrate its interior structure and burn it</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Furthermore, as the burning gases dissipate, heat produces more gases to burn, thus making fire, a self preserved reaction.</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">An example of such a self preserved reaction is a lit candle. The candle melts from heat, thus making the molten wax, soak the candle wick. Due to the heat, the wax turns into flammable GAS which burns, forming a self preserved fire. The fire will keep on burning until the wick will eventually run out. </font></p>Fire: a self preserved reaction example
Lit candle
Melts from the heat
Liquid wax soaks the candle wick
Due to the heat, the wax turns into flammable GAS
The gas burns, forming a fire and preserving the burningFire triangle
The three elements a fire needs to ignite and be preserved are illustrated by the fire triangle. These are
• Burning material, which evaporates and burns
• Oxygen, which reacts with the burning material
• Heat that raises the temperature of the material further accelerating the speed of the chemical reactionfire triangle
the three elements a fire needs to ignite and be preserved are illustrated by the fire triangle. these are
• burning material, which evaporates and burns
• oxygen, which reacts with the burning material
• heat that raises the temperature of the material further accelerating the speed of the chemical reaction<p><font size="13"><b>Fire triangle</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">The three elements a fire needs to ignite and be preserved are illustrated by the fire triangle. These are </font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Burning material, </b>which evaporates and burns</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Oxygen</b>, which reacts with the burning material</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Heat</b> that raises the temperature of the material further accelerating the speed of the chemical reaction</font></p>Fire triangle
Burning Material (Fuel)
Heat
Oxygen (Air)
Burning Material (Fuel)
evaporates and burns
Oxygen (Air)
reacts with the gases of the burning material
Heat
raises the temperature of gases to ignition pointFire triangle – how to put out a fire
Understanding how the fire triangle works is of paramount importance in fire fighting. It makes us realize that all we need to do to put out a fire, is to isolate one of the three factors (burning material, heat, or oxygen)
• Removing or isolating Burning material, is called starvation
• Removing Oxygen, is called smothering
• Removing Heat can be achieved through coolingfire triangle – how to put out a fire
understanding how the fire triangle works is of paramount importance in fire fighting. it makes us realize that all we need to do to put out a fire, is to isolate one of the three factors (burning material, heat, or oxygen)
• removing or isolating burning material, is called starvation
• removing oxygen, is called smothering
• removing heat can be achieved through cooling<p><font size="13"><b>Fire triangle – how to put out a fire</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Understanding how the fire triangle works is of paramount importance in fire fighting. It makes us realize that all we need to do to put out a fire, is to isolate one of the three factors (burning material, heat, or oxygen) </font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">• Removing or isolating <b>Burning material, </b>is called starvation</font></p><p><font size="13">• Removing <b>Oxygen</b>, is called smothering</font></p><p><font size="13">• Removing <b>Heat</b> can be achieved through cooling</font></p>Fire triangle
Burning Material (Fuel)
Heat
Oxygen (Air)
Starvation
Cooling
SmotheringFire tetrahedron
Another important factor that is not described in the fire triangle, is the chemical chain reactions that take place in the space between the fire and the burning material. Once a fire has started, the resulting exothermic chain reactions sustain the fire and allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements of the fire is blocked.
Taking into account the Chemical Chain Reaction the previously presented Triangle of fire is transformed to a tetrahedron comprising of
• Burning material
• Oxygen
• Heat
• Chemical Chain Reactions fire tetrahedron
another important factor that is not described in the fire triangle, is the chemical chain reactions that take place in the space between the fire and the burning material. once a fire has started, the resulting exothermic chain reactions sustain the fire and allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements of the fire is blocked.
taking into account the chemical chain reaction the previously presented triangle of fire is transformed to a tetrahedron comprising of
• burning material
• oxygen
• heat
• chemical chain reactions<p><font size="13"><b>Fire tetrahedron</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Another important factor that is not described in the fire triangle, is the chemical chain reactions that take place in the space between the fire and the burning material. Once a fire has started, the resulting exothermic chain reactions sustain the fire and allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements of the fire is blocked.</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Taking into account the Chemical Chain Reaction the previously presented Triangle of fire is transformed to a tetrahedron comprising of</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Burning material</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Oxygen</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Heat </b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Chemical Chain Reactions </b></font></p>Fire tetrahedron
Chemical
Chain Reactions
Burning Material (Fuel)
evaporates and burns
Oxygen (Air)
reacts with the gases of the burning material
Heat
raises the temperature of gases to ignition point
Chemical Chain Reactions
Oxygen
Heat
Burning Material
Fire triangle
Burning Material (Fuel)
Heat
Oxygen (Air)Unit Summary
In this module we have discussed about …
• Fire physiology
• Fire a form of oxidation
• For something to burn it must be in a GAS state
• Fire triangle
• Fuel, Heat, Air
• Fire tetrahedron
• Chemical Chain reactionsunit summary
in this module we have discussed about …
• fire physiology
• fire a form of oxidation
• for something to burn it must be in a gas state
• fire triangle
• fuel, heat, air
• fire tetrahedron
• chemical chain reactions<p><font size="12"><b>Unit Summary</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this module we have discussed about …</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fire physiology</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Fire a form of oxidation</font></p><p><font size="12"> • For something to burn it must be in a GAS state</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fire triangle</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Fuel, Heat, Air</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fire tetrahedron</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Chemical Chain reactions</font></p>Unit summary
In this module we have discussed about …
Fire physiology
Fire a form of oxidation
For something to burn it must be in a GAS state
Fire triangle
Fuel, Heat, Air
Fire tetrahedron
Chemical Chain reactionsEnd of unit
Thank you for completing Unit 2 - Fire physiology.
You may now proceed to the next unit.end of unit
thank you for completing unit 2 - fire physiology.
you may now proceed to the next unit.<p><font size="12"><b>End of unit</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Thank you for completing <b>Unit 2 - Fire physiology.</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">You may now proceed to the next unit.</font></p>End of unit!
Congratulations! You have completed Unit B-2-2 Fire physiology!