#FFFFFF#FFFFFF#777777#575757#FFFFFF#097CE7#E8E8E8#6E6E6E#000000#FFFFFF#A1A1A1#8A8A8A#F7F7F7#323232#D4D4D4#FFFFFF#6E6E6E#D0D0D0#A1A1A1#4D4D4DtruefalsetruefalsetruefalsetruetruetruetruetruetrueslideTimelinebySlidesfalsetruetruefalsefalsetruetruefalsetruefalsefalsetruetruetrueWelcome to Basic Fire Fighting course Module 3: Fire in a ship compartment, Unit 2: Heat transferwelcome to basic fire fighting course module 3: fire in a ship compartment, unit 2: heat transfer<p><font size="12">Welcome to Basic Fire Fighting course <b>Module 3: Fire in a ship compartment, Unit 2: Heat transfer</b></font></p>Course: Basic Firefighting Module: B-3 – Fire in a ship compartment Unit: B-3-2 – Heat transferUnit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• Heat and Fire transfer
• Conduction
• Radiation
• Convection
• Physical Characteristics of flammable materialsunit outline
in this unit the following topics will be discussed:
• heat and fire transfer
• conduction
• radiation
• convection
• physical characteristics of flammable materials<p><font size="12"><b>Unit outline</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this unit the following topics will be discussed:</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Heat and Fire transfer</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • Conduction</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Radiation</font></p><p><font size="12"> • Convection</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Physical Characteristics of flammable materials</b></font></p>Unit outline
In this unit the following topics will be discussed:
Heat and Fire transfer
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Physical Characteristics of flammable materialsLearning objectives
Upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …
• Comprehend how fire and heat is transmitted
• Acknowledge the physical characteristics of flammable materialslearning objectives
upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …
• comprehend how fire and heat is transmitted
• acknowledge the physical characteristics of flammable materials<p><font size="12"><b>Learning objectives</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …</font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Comprehend how fire and heat is transmitted </b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Acknowledge the physical characteristics of flammable materials</b></font></p>Learning objectives
Upon completing this unit the trainees should be able to …
Comprehend how fire and heat is transmitted
Acknowledge the physical characteristics of flammable materialsHeat transfer
• Conduction (through molecules)
• Radiation (Heat is radiated to and absorbed from anywhere)
• Convection
These topics will be presented in a linear fashion starting from convection. Nevertheless, if you feel you need to select a specific item, feel free to click on the corresponding area on your screen.
To proceed, please click “Next”.
heat transfer
• conduction (through molecules)
• radiation (heat is radiated to and absorbed from anywhere)
• convection
these topics will be presented in a linear fashion starting from convection. nevertheless, if you feel you need to select a specific item, feel free to click on the corresponding area on your screen.
to proceed, please click “next”.
<p><font size="12"><b>Heat transfer</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Conduction </b>(through molecules)<b></b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Radiation </b>(Heat is radiated to and absorbed from anywhere) <b></b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Convection</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">These topics will be presented in a linear fashion starting from convection. Nevertheless, if you feel you need to select a specific item, feel free to click on the corresponding area on your screen.</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">To proceed, please click <b>“Next”</b>. <b></b></font></p>Heat transfer
1
Conduction
3
Convection
2
RadiationConduction
Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat from one body to another by direct physical contact
Conduction takes place in solids, liquids, and gases
In conduction heat is transferred by direct contact (molecule to molecule)
• A thick steel bulkhead with a fire on one side can transfer heat to adjoining compartments through conduction
The rate at which energy is conducted as heat between two bodies is a function of …
• the temperature difference
• the properties of the conductive medium
Metals are good conductors
• This is why we cooldown surfaces with water, to avoid and limit heat conduction
conduction
thermal conduction is the transfer of heat from one body to another by direct physical contact
conduction takes place in solids, liquids, and gases
in conduction heat is transferred by direct contact (molecule to molecule)
• a thick steel bulkhead with a fire on one side can transfer heat to adjoining compartments through conduction
the rate at which energy is conducted as heat between two bodies is a function of …
• the temperature difference
• the properties of the conductive medium
metals are good conductors
• this is why we cooldown surfaces with water, to avoid and limit heat conduction
<p><font size="12"><b>Conduction</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12"><b>Thermal conduction </b>is the transfer of heat from one body to another by direct physical contact</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Conduction takes place in solids, liquids, and gases</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In conduction heat is transferred by direct contact (molecule to molecule)</font></p><p><font size="12">• A thick steel bulkhead with a fire on one side can transfer heat to adjoining compartments through conduction</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">The rate at which energy is conducted as heat between two bodies is a function of …</font></p><p><font size="12">• the temperature difference</font></p><p><font size="12">• the properties of the conductive medium</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Metals are good conductors</font></p><p><font size="12">• This is why we cooldown surfaces with water, to avoid and limit heat conduction </font></p><p></p><p></p>Conduction
Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat from one body to another by direct physical contact
it takes place in solids, liquids, and gases
In conduction heat is transferred by direct contact (molecule to molecule)
A thick steel bulkhead with a fire on one side can transfer heat to adjoining compartments through conduction
The rate at which heat is conducted between two bodies is a function of …
the temperature difference
the properties of the conductive medium
Metals are good conductors
Cooling down surfaces with water, to avoid and limit heat conduction, is of outmost importanceConduction
In a burning compartment, the contact of the fire with the surrounding environment, transfers heat to pipelines and other materials. This is one of the ways that a fire can spread.
conduction
in a burning compartment, the contact of the fire with the surrounding environment, transfers heat to pipelines and other materials. this is one of the ways that a fire can spread.
<p><font size="12"><b>Conduction</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In a burning compartment, the contact of the fire with the surrounding environment, transfers heat to pipelines and other materials. This is one of the ways that a fire can spread.</font></p><p></p>Conduction Radiation
Thermal radiation consists of electromagnetic waves generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter.
Heat is radiated through the air in all directions, making us feeling hot when standing near a fire source.
• Through hot combustion gases
• Through fire itself at the higher layer near the ceiling of the burning compartment
Radiation can be:
• visible (flame)
• invisible (UV)
radiation
thermal radiation consists of electromagnetic waves generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter.
heat is radiated through the air in all directions, making us feeling hot when standing near a fire source.
• through hot combustion gases
• through fire itself at the higher layer near the ceiling of the burning compartment
radiation can be:
• visible (flame)
• invisible (uv)
<p><font size="12"><b>Radiation</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12"><b>Thermal radiation </b>consists of electromagnetic waves generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter.</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Heat is radiated through the air in all directions, making us feeling hot when standing near a fire source.</font></p><p><font size="12">• Through hot combustion gases</font></p><p><font size="12">• Through fire itself at the higher layer near the ceiling of the burning compartment</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Radiation can be:</font></p><p><font size="12">• visible (flame)</font></p><p><font size="12">• invisible (UV)</font></p>Radiation
Thermal radiation consists of electromagnetic waves generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter
Heat is radiated through air in all directions making us feeling hot when standing near a fire source
Through hot combustion gases
Through fire itself at the higher layer near the ceiling of the burning compartment
Radiation can be:
visible (flame)
invisible (UV)
Source: pixabayRadiation
In a burning compartment, heat is transmitted to all directions through radiation.radiation
in a burning compartment, heat is transmitted to all directions through radiation.<p><font size="12"><b>Radiation</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In a burning compartment, heat is transmitted to all directions through radiation.</font></p>Radiation Convection
Convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids (or gases)
Fluids when heated get lighter and move upwards
• As they are getting higher they are replaced by cooler fluids, moving downwards
To avoid fire spread due to heat convection:
• Stop the ventilation
• Cool down the compartment ceiling
• Use peripheral cooling to the neighboring compartments
convection
convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids (or gases)
fluids when heated get lighter and move upwards
• as they are getting higher they are replaced by cooler fluids, moving downwards
to avoid fire spread due to heat convection:
• stop the ventilation
• cool down the compartment ceiling
• use peripheral cooling to the neighboring compartments
<p><font size="12"><b>Convection </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids (or gases)</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Fluids when heated get lighter and move upwards</font></p><p><font size="12">• As they are getting higher they are replaced by cooler fluids, moving downwards</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">To avoid fire spread due to heat convection:</font></p><p><font size="12">• Stop the ventilation</font></p><p><font size="12">• Cool down the compartment ceiling</font></p><p><font size="12">• Use peripheral cooling to the neighboring compartments </font></p>Convection
Convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids (or gases)
Fluids when heated get lighter and move upwards
As they are getting higher they are replaced by cooler fluids, moving downwards
To avoid fire spread due to heat convection:
Stop the ventilation
Cool down the compartment ceiling
Use peripheral cooling to the neighboring compartments
Source: Wikimedia commons – Author: Gary SettlesConvection
On your screen you can see how fluids move in a fire situation
• Fluids when heated move upwards
• They are replaced by cooler fluids, moving downwards
convection
on your screen you can see how fluids move in a fire situation
• fluids when heated move upwards
• they are replaced by cooler fluids, moving downwards
<p><font size="12"><b>Convection </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">On your screen you can see how fluids move in a fire situation</font></p><p><font size="12">• Fluids when heated move upwards</font></p><p><font size="12">• They are replaced by cooler fluids, moving downwards</font></p>Convection Flammable materials on vessels
• Wiping rags
• Cooking fats and oils
• Timber
• Acetylene tanks or canisters
• Fuel oil and lube oil tanks
• Gasoline canisters flammable materials on vessels
• wiping rags
• cooking fats and oils
• timber
• acetylene tanks or canisters
• fuel oil and lube oil tanks
• gasoline canisters<p><font size="12"><b>Flammable materials on vessels</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Wiping rags</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Cooking fats and oils</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Timber</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Acetylene tanks or canisters</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fuel oil and lube oil tanks</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Gasoline canisters</b> </font></p>Flammable materials on vessels
Wiping rags
Cooking fat
Timber
Acetylene tanks
Gasoline canisters
Fuel – Lube oil tanksPhysical Characteristics of Flammable materials
• Flash point
• Fire point
• Self ignition point
• Spontaneous combustion
To see more info please click on the corresponding areas on your screen. To proceed to Life cycle of fire, please click on “Next topic” icon physical characteristics of flammable materials
• flash point
• fire point
• self ignition point
• spontaneous combustion
to see more info please click on the corresponding areas on your screen. to proceed to life cycle of fire, please click on “next topic” icon<p><font size="12"><b>Physical Characteristics of Flammable materials</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Flash point</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Fire point</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Self ignition point</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Spontaneous combustion </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">To see more info please click on the corresponding areas on your screen. To proceed to Life cycle of fire, please click on <b>“Next topic”</b> icon </font></p>Physical Characteristics of Flammable materials
Spontaneous
Combustion
Self ignition
point
Fire point
Flash pointFlash point
The flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source
• Diesel oil 50 – 100O C
• Lube oil 210O C
• Cooking oil 315O C
• Gasoline -43O C
On your screen you can see flash points of various materials. Those that can ignite in room temperatures, are obviously far more dangerous. flash point
the flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source
• diesel oil 50 – 100o c
• lube oil 210o c
• cooking oil 315o c
• gasoline -43o c
on your screen you can see flash points of various materials. those that can ignite in room temperatures, are obviously far more dangerous.<p><font size="13"><b>Flash point </b></font></p><p><font size="13">The flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source</font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Diesel oil 50 – 100O C</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Lube oil 210O C</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Cooking oil 315O C</b></font></p><p><font size="13">• <b>Gasoline -43O C</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">On your screen you can see flash points of various materials. Those that can ignite in room temperatures, are obviously far more dangerous. </font></p>Flash point
The flash point is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when given an ignition source
Diesel oil 50 – 100O C
Lube oil 210O C
Cooking oil 315O C
Gasoline -43O CFire point
Fire point is the lowest temperature that the fire can continue to burn (in the absence of an open flame)
Tables of material properties will only list material flash points
It can be assumed that fire point is at about 10O C higher than the flash points
fire point
fire point is the lowest temperature that the fire can continue to burn (in the absence of an open flame)
tables of material properties will only list material flash points
it can be assumed that fire point is at about 10o c higher than the flash points
<p><font size="13"><b>Fire point </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Fire point is the lowest temperature that the fire can continue to burn (in the absence of an open flame)</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Tables of material properties will only list material flash points</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">It can be assumed that fire point is at about 10O C higher than the flash points</font></p>Fire point
Fire point is the lowest temperature that the fire can continue to burn (in the absence of an open flame)
Tables of material properties will only list material flash points
It can be assumed that fire point is at about 10O C higher than the flash pointsSelf ignition
Self ignition is the lowest temperature that a material can self ignite
• Diesel oil 320O C
• Lube oil 260O C
• Cooking oil 390O C
On your screen you can see self ignition points of various materialsself ignition
self ignition is the lowest temperature that a material can self ignite
• diesel oil 320o c
• lube oil 260o c
• cooking oil 390o c
on your screen you can see self ignition points of various materials<p><font size="13"><b>Self ignition </b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Self ignition is the lowest temperature that a material can self ignite</font></p><p><font size="13">• Diesel oil 320O C</font></p><p><font size="13">• Lube oil 260O C</font></p><p><font size="13">• Cooking oil 390O C</font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">On your screen you can see self ignition points of various materials<b></b></font></p>Self ignition
Self ignition is the lowest temperature that a material can self ignite
Diesel oil 320O C
Lube oil 260O C
Cooking oil 390O CSpontaneous Combustion
Spontaneous combustion occurs to some materials which under the proper conditions self-heat and can self ignite
• Hay
• Coal
• Oily products
• Oily wiping rugsspontaneous combustion
spontaneous combustion occurs to some materials which under the proper conditions self-heat and can self ignite
• hay
• coal
• oily products
• oily wiping rugs<p><font size="13"><b>Spontaneous Combustion</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="13">Spontaneous combustion occurs to some materials which under the proper conditions self-heat and can self ignite</font></p><p><font size="13">• Hay</font></p><p><font size="13">• Coal</font></p><p><font size="13">• Oily products</font></p><p><font size="13">• Oily wiping rugs</font></p>Spontaneous Combustion
Spontaneous combustion occurs to some materials which under the proper conditions self-heat and can self ignite
Hay
Coal
Oily products
Oily wiping rugsUnit Summary
In this unit we have discussed …
• Heat and Fire transfer
• Conduction
• Radiation
• Convection
• Physical Characteristics of flammable materials
• Flashpoint
• Fire point
• Self ignition
• Spontaneous combustionunit summary
in this unit we have discussed …
• heat and fire transfer
• conduction
• radiation
• convection
• physical characteristics of flammable materials
• flashpoint
• fire point
• self ignition
• spontaneous combustion<p><font size="12"><b>Unit Summary</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">In this unit we have discussed …</font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Heat and Fire transfer</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • <b>Conduction</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • <b>Radiation</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • <b>Convection</b></font></p><p><font size="12">• <b>Physical Characteristics of flammable materials</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • <b>Flashpoint</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • <b>Fire point</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • <b>Self ignition</b></font></p><p><font size="12"> • <b>Spontaneous combustion</b></font></p>Unit summary
In this unit we have discussed about …
Heat and Fire transfer
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Physical Characteristics of flammable materials
Flashpoint
Fire point
Self ignition
Spontaneous combustion
End of unit
Thank you for completing Module B-3-2 Heat transfer.
You may now proceed to the next unit.end of unit
thank you for completing module b-3-2 heat transfer.
you may now proceed to the next unit.<p><font size="12"><b>End of unit</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">Thank you for completing <b>Module B-3-2 Heat transfer.</b></font></p><p></p><p><font size="12">You may now proceed to the next unit.</font></p>End of unit!
Congratulations! You have completed Unit B-3-2 Heat transfer!